![]() NIR1.61 channel data contains information on cloud top microphysics: the phase and the effective particle size of the cloud top elements. Distinguishing ice and water clouds and clouds with small and large cloud top particles For semi-transparent clouds the interpretation of the measured radiation is more complicated: besides the cloud's temperature, it also depends on its transparency and the temperature of the underlying surface. ![]() For opaque clouds the measured signal depends mainly on cloud top temperature. IR10.8 is an atmospheric window channel (where the absorption of gas molecules is low). The IR10.8 channel distinguishes thick clouds by their cloud top temperatures. NIR0.87 reflectivity values are high for opaque and lower for semi-transparent clouds. In cloudy areas the NIR0.87 channel values depend mainly on cloud thickness. Physical Basis Distinguishing clouds according to their optical thickness and cloud top temperature It contains information on cloud thickness, cloud top phase, particle size and cloud top temperature. ![]() The aim of this RGB type is to provide general cloud analysis with good color contrast between different cloud types and between clouds and the surface. It is a daytime RGB since it uses shortwave channels. The 0.87 micrometer channel (NIR0.87) is visualized in red, the 1.61 micrometer channel (NIR1.61) in green and the 10.8 micrometer channel (IR10.8) in blue. METOP AVHRR Day Microphysics RGB images are created by combining data from three different channels. The SEVIRI standard Day Microphysics RGB uses IR3.9 channel data since it is more sensitive to cloud top particle size than NIR1.6 data. The Meteosat SEVIRI instrument uses two channels that provide microphysical information during daytime: NIR1.6 and IR3.9. The METOP AVHRR instrument only uses one microphysical channel during daytime (NIR1.61), which means it can only be used to create Day Microphysics RGBs. © 2019 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.EUMETSAT's recommendation for Microphysics RGBs is that the red component should be used for information on cloud thickness, the green one for microphysical information, and the blue one for temperature. We dissect the pathway to analyze the events leading to the generation of these small RNAs and emphasize the regulation of core components of the miRNA biogenesis machinery. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the miRNA pathway. In the last few years, increasing evidence has shown that not only individual genes encoding miRNAs but also the miRNA pathway as a whole is subject to regulation in response to external stimulus. Many individual miRNAs have been shown to modulate the plant response to different environmental cues and stresses. In order to face these changes, plants display unique adaptive capacities based on an enormous developmental plasticity, where miRNAs play central roles. Furthermore, during their life cycle plants are subject to changes in the environmental conditions surrounding them. The evolutionary preference of plant miRNAs to silence transcription factors turned these small molecules into key actors during growth and adaptive responses. Their biogenesis relies on the cleavage of longer precursors by a nuclear localized processing machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.
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